What are Dental Crowns Made Of? 6 Common Types of Dental Crown Materials

Metal crowns are made from various alloys, including gold, platinum, chromium, and nickel-chromium combinations. These metal structures offer exceptional durability and can withstand heavy biting forces without cracking or wearing down. Metal crowns require minimal tooth removal during preparation, preserving more of your natural tooth structure. However, their metallic appearance makes them most suitable for back teeth, where aesthetics are less important. With proper care, metal crowns can last 15-20 years or longer.

All-porcelain crowns are crafted entirely from dental ceramic materials that closely mimic the translucency and color of natural teeth. These crowns provide the most aesthetic results, making them ideal for front teeth and other visible areas of your smile. Porcelain crowns are also biocompatible, meaning they won’t cause allergic reactions or gum irritation. While not quite as strong as metal options, modern porcelain formulations offer good durability for most patients. The main drawback is their higher cost compared to other dental crown materials.

PFM crowns combine a metal base with a porcelain outer layer, offering both strength and natural appearance. The metal foundation provides excellent durability while the porcelain coating delivers aesthetic appeal that blends with your existing teeth. These crowns work well for both front and back teeth, making them a versatile choice for many patients. However, the metal base can sometimes show through as a dark line at the gum line, especially if gums recede over time. PFM crowns typically last 10-15 years with proper maintenance.

All-ceramic crowns are made from advanced ceramic materials like lithium disilicate or zirconia that offer superior strength compared to traditional porcelain. These crowns provide excellent aesthetics while maintaining durability suitable for most bite forces. Ceramic crowns are metal-free, making them ideal for patients with metal allergies or sensitivities. They can be precisely color-matched to your natural teeth and maintain their appearance over time without staining.

Composite resin crowns are made from tooth-colored plastic materials mixed with fine glass particles for added strength. These crowns are typically used as temporary solutions while permanent crowns are being fabricated in the dental lab. Resin crowns are less expensive than other options but also less durable, often lasting only a few years. They’re more prone to staining, chipping, and wear compared to ceramic or metal alternatives. Some dentists use resin crowns for pediatric patients or as short-term solutions in emergency situations.

Zirconia crowns are made from zirconium dioxide, an extremely strong ceramic material that rivals metal in durability. These crowns offer excellent biocompatibility and won’t cause allergic reactions or gum discoloration. Zirconia provides superior aesthetics compared to metal while maintaining exceptional strength for heavy chewing forces. The material can be precisely colored and shaped to match your natural teeth perfectly. While more expensive than traditional options, zirconia crowns are becoming increasingly popular due to their combination of strength and beauty.

The position of your tooth in your mouth significantly influences the best crown material choice. Front teeth require crowns that closely match your natural tooth color and translucency, making porcelain or ceramic the preferred options for optimal aesthetics. Back teeth endure much greater chewing forces and benefit from stronger materials like metal or zirconia that can withstand heavy bite pressure. Your dentist will consider both the functional demands and visibility of the tooth when recommending appropriate materials.

Different crown materials offer varying lifespans based on their composition and your oral habits. Consider your age and long-term treatment goals when choosing materials, as younger patients may prefer longer-lasting options. Your dentist can help you weigh the durability benefits against other factors like cost and appearance.

Your desired appearance plays a crucial role in crown material selection, especially for visible teeth. Porcelain and ceramic crowns offer the most natural-looking results that blend seamlessly with your existing teeth. Metal crowns provide excellent function but have an obvious metallic appearance that many patients find unacceptable for front teeth. Consider how important a natural appearance is to you versus other factors like durability and cost when making your decision.

Crown materials vary significantly in cost, with metal crowns typically being the most affordable and all-ceramic options commanding premium prices. Check with your dental insurance provider to understand your coverage levels for different crown materials, as some plans may only cover basic options. Factor in the long-term value when comparing costs, as more expensive crowns often last longer and may provide better overall value. Discuss payment options and financing plans with your dental office if budget is a primary concern.

Your overall oral health and any known allergies influence appropriate crown material choices. Patients with metal allergies or sensitivities should avoid crowns containing nickel, chromium, or other problematic metals. Those with heavy grinding or clenching habits may need stronger materials like zirconia or metal to prevent crown fracture. Your dentist will review your medical history and oral habits to recommend materials that work best with your individual health profile.